Tissue biopsy
Your doctor will take a small sample of tissue from your cancer site using a needle, surgery, bone marrow biopsy or endoscopy. They will preserve this sample and will use it to run the comprehensive genomic profiling test. 18-20
Your cancer’s mutations
Cancer occurs due to changes in DNA and/or RNA called mutations that affect the way your cells work and grow.4,5
Each person’s cancer is unique because mutations differ in type and number and between cancer types.6,7
Even if you have the same type of cancer as someone else, your mutations may differ to theirs, and you may need
different treatment.6–8
Your care team might suggest testing your cancer to find out what mutations you have in your DNA and/or RNA.
If certain mutations are found in your cancer cells your doctor may be able to give you a more precise treatment based on this finding. There might be cases where either no relevant mutation is found or no targeted treatment option is available for the mutation that has been identified. This is also valuable information, supporting further treatment planning.6–11
Precision medicine increases the likelihood you will find a targeted therapy, which may improve your chance of responding well or could mean that you experience fewer side effects.3
Learn more about cancer and available treatment options
Discuss with your doctor whether Foundation Medicine testing could be right for you.
What is comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)?
Genomic testing encompasses single biomarker testing, hotspot testing and comprehensive genomic profiling. They all test your cancer sample for mutations but work in different ways.
Comprehensive genomic profiling is being performed by using an advanced technology called Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). With NGS, we are able to screen large amounts of genes in parallel which will speed up the time and be more cost effective compared with old technology like Sanger Sequencing.34
For example , This cancer cell DNA has four mutations
How do single biomarker tests or hotspot test work?
Single biomarker testing or hotspot testing only looks for predefined individual mutations within limited regions on your cancer cell's DNA. These mutations are always chosen before testing starts. So, if you do not choose to look for mutation you will not find it 12,13
What makes comprehensive genomic profiling different ?
Comprehensive genomic profiling provides a more complete picture of your cancer by searching for multiple mutations across a broad region of your cancer cell's DNA and/or RNA. Comprehensive genomic profiling looks at all potential mutations. That may drive your cancer, even if these are rare, in a single test. This increses your chances of finding important mutations right away. This may also increse the chance of finding a more precise treatment for you.1-3
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling looks for all types of known genomic alterations across all of the cancer-related genes in a single sample of tumour tissue or blood.
*All types of genomic alterations: base substitutions, copy number alterations, rearrangements, insertions and deletions, as well as tumour mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) status.
How can FoundationOne Comprehensive Genomic Profiling help you ?
Since there are hundreds of cancer genes, and many possible alterations in each gene, the type, number and combination of genomic alterations make each person's cancer unique.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling can search for all genomic alternations that are known to drive cancer, some of which may be promoting your tumor's growth.
Your profiling results may help your doctor identify whether a targeted treatment option is available for your tumor's unique genomic profile, and which treatment approach could deliver the best outcome for you.
Discuss with your doctor whether Foundation Medicine testing could be right for you.
Our services
Foundation Medicine offers a high-quality portfolio of comprehensive genomic profiling services that can help you and your doctor better understand your treatment options.1,14–17
There are different tests available for patients with different types of cancer.
Uses a tissue sample (tissue biopsy) Test the DNA of over 300 genes.
Uses a blood sample ( liquid biopsy ) Tests the DNA of 300 genes
Uses a tissue sample or blood sample Tests the DNA of over 400 and the RNA of over 260 genes
Liquid biopsy
Your doctor will take a blood sample from the vein, usually in your arm or hand.21 They will collect two tube of blood to send off for test. The test will look for DNA from your cancer that is circulating in your blood.15,16
FoundationOne®CDx, FoundationOne®Liquid CDx and FoundationOne®Heme search for multiple mutations in your cancer sample to increase your chances of finding a more precise treatment and help personalise your cancer treatment
plan.1,2,13–17,21–32
FoundationOne CDx and FoundationOne Liquid CDx are for patients with all types of solid tumours, e.g. lung, prostate or breast cancer.14,15
FoundationOne Heme is for patients with sarcoma and blood cancers such as leukaemia.17
*FoundationOne Heme for blood cancers is NOT AVAILABLE for Malaysia
Your care team will receive a comprehensive report which will include the details on your tumour profile and may identify therapies and clinical trials for you to discuss together.6–11,33
The following materials provide further information about FoundationOne CDx, FoundationOne Liquid CDx and FoundationOne Heme:
FoundationOne Heme brochure for patients
with blood cancers and sarcomas >
FoundationOne Heme for blood cancers is NOT AVAILABLE for Malaysia